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Long Range Aviation (, abbr. to ДА, or ''DA'') is the branch of the Soviet Air Forces and Russian Air Force tasked with long-range bombardment of strategic targets with nuclear weapons. During the Cold War, it was the counterpart to the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force. ==Creation== The first three Air Armies, designated Air Armies of Special Purpose were created between 1936 and 1938. 2nd Army was created on 15 March 1937 in the Far East. Somewhat later, the 3rd Air Army was created in the North Caucasus Military District. On 5 November 1940 these were reformed as the Long Range Bombardment Aviation of the Stavka of the Red Army (until February 1942) due to poor combat performance during the Winter War with Finland.〔http://www.allaces.ru/cgi-bin/s2.cgi/sssr/struct/main.dat Kharin〕 The force was created on 5 March 1942 to meet strategic objectives: bomb strikes on administrative, political and military targets deep in the enemy's rear, the enemy of transportation violations, destruction warehouses in close behind the bombing of the enemy on the line of Front and for strategic operations. ADD was placed under the command of Alexander Golovanov. In addition, ADD (including its member Civil Air Fleet of the USSR) was widely used to support guerrillas in the occupied territory of the USSR and Yugoslavia. Throughout its existence, the LRA was part of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RVGK). It only received orders from the Supreme Commander, Iosef Stalin. The basis of the combat fleet were long-range Ilyushin Il-4 bombers, though Petlyakov Pe-8s and other aircraft were later used. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the LRA, having taken crippling losses over the past 18 months, was restricted to flying at night. The Soviets flew 11,317 night sorties over Stalingrad and the Don-bend sector between 17 July and 19 November 1942. These raids caused little damage and were of nuisance value only.〔Bergström, Christer, (2007), ''Stalingrad – The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943'', Chevron Publishing Limited ISBN 978-1-85780-276-4〕〔Golovanov 2004, p. 265.〕 Five long-range bomber corps were established which had in service at various times nearly 3000 aircraft, of which war - about 1800.〔Series = on the front line. The truth about the war. Edition = 6000.〕 Pilots of heavy aircraft struck the cities of Danzig, Königsberg, Kraków, Berlin, Helsinki, Tallinn and others. The LRA took an active part in the operations in the Baltic States. On March 9, 1944 about 2000 and 1500 explosive incendiary bombs were dropped on residential areas of Tallinn. Results of two Soviet air raids: 40% of the buildings in the city destroyed, 463 dead, 649 injured and about 20,000 homeless citizens. Harju Street was especially hard hit, along with the theater "Estonia", where a concert had just started. From 6 to 8 March 1944 the historical part of Narva was virtually wiped out; in the same month Tartu, Tapa and Jõhvi were also bombed.〔(-8abc-d85acb40e400 Tallinn remember victims of the bombing in March 1944 )〕 In the period July–December 1944, the LRA made more than 7,200 sorties, dropping about 62,000 bombs with a total weight of 7,600 tons.〔Russian Archives: The Great Patriotic War. VCG rate: Documents and Materials 1944-1945. T. 16 (5-4). - Moscow: Terra, 1999. - 368 p. ISBN 5-300-01162-2 v. 16 (5-4) ISBN 5-250-01774-6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Long Range Aviation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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